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B.S. MODERN PHYSICS [PHYS-402] SYLLABUS
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Section A
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Origin of Quantum Theory: Black body radiation,
Stefan-Boltzmann law, Wiens-displacement law and Planck’s law,
consequences. The quantization of energy, Photoelectric and Compton
effect, Line spectra Explanation using quantum theory.
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Wave Nature of Matter: Wave behavior of particles
(wave function etc) its definition and relation to probability of
particle. D’Broglie hypothesis and its testing, Davisson-Germer
Experiment and JP Thomson Experiment, Wave packets and particles,
localizing a wave in space and time.
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Quantum Mechanics: Postulates of Quantum Mechanics,
Quantum Operators, Linear operators and their properties, e.g.; momentum
operator, energy operator. Eigen value equation, Eigen values and
Eigen Functions. Schrodinger equation (time dependent and time independent
with out derivation) and its applications to step potential, free
particle, barrier tunneling (basic idea) , particle in a well, probability
density using functions of states.
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Atomic Physics: Review of Atomic Models, Bohr’s
Model (review), Frank-Hertz experiment, energy levels of atoms, Atomic
spectrum, Angular Momentum of electrons, Vector Atom model, Orbital
angular momentum, Space Quantization, Bohr’s magneton, X-Ray
Spectrum (continuous and characteristic), Moseley’s law, Pauli’s
exclusion principle and its use in developing the periodic table.
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Quantum Optics: Basic concepts and characteristics
of LASER, different types of lasers, working of He-Ne Laser, semi-conductor
diode laser. Introduction to holography.
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Special Theory of Relativity: Limitations with
classical physics, Einstein’s Postulates of special relativity
and their consequences, The Lorentz transformation, Transformation
of velocities, Relativistic momentum and energy.
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Section B
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Electronics: Conduction mechanism in solids,
instrinsic and extrinsic semiconductors, formation of p-n junction,
Characteristics and application as half-wave and full-wave rectifiers,
filter circuits, clipper, clamper and voltage doublers, BJT its basic
structure and operation. BJT biasing, Characteristics of Common Emitter,
Common Base, Common Collector, CE, CB and CC amplifiers, Hybrid parameters
(CE), Positive feed back and oscillators, monostable multi-vibrator
(basic), Logic Gates/combinational circuits: OR-gate, AND-gate, NOT-gate,
NAND-gate and their applications.
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Review of Nuclear Structure: Discovery of Nucleus,
Structure of Nucleus, Electron-Proton Model of Nucleus, Discovery
and properties of neutron, Neutron-Proton Model of Nucleus, Charge
Number, Mass Number, Representation and Nomenclature of Nucleus, Isotopes,
Isotones, Isobars.
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Rutherford’s Scattering: Alpha Particle Scattering
Experiments and their findings, Rutherford Atomic Model, Rutherford
Scattering Formula (derivation) and its experimental verification.
Nuclear density, Nuclear shape, Nuclear force, Nuclear dimensions,
Nuclear mass and binding energy, Nuclear Angular Momentum, Mass Spectrometers;
construction and working.
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Nuclear Models: Weiszacker Semi-empirical Binding
Energy Formula, Liquid drop model, Magic numbers, Shell Model.
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Nuclear Reactions: Notations, Conservation laws,
Endoergic and Exoergic Reactions, Fission, Characteristics of fission,
Energy released in fission, Compound Nucleus, Fission Reactors: Construction
and Types, Fusion Reactions, Proton-Proton Cycle, Carbon Cycle, thermonuclear
reactors reactions.
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Review of Basic Concepts of Radioactivity: Discovery
of Natural Radioactivity, Laws of Radioactivity, Half-Life, Mean-Life,
Units, Radioactive Equilibrium, Radioactive series, Alpha decay, Beta
positive and negative decay, Gamma decay and electron capture, radiation
hazards.
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Measurement of Radiations: Interaction of radiation
with matter, Primary and Secondary Ionization, Specific Ionization,
Range and stopping power of Radiations. Types of Detectors: Gas Filled
Detectors, Solid State Detectors (Track Detectors, Scintillation Counters).
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Particle Physics: Classification of Particles,
Types of interactions, Families of Particles, Conservation laws, Quark
Model, Big Bang Theory, Nucleosynthesis, Formation and Death of Stars,
Cosmological Models: Beginning and End of Universe.
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PRACTICAL IV:
1. Characteristics of a triode tube.
2. Characteristics of a pentode tube.
3. Setting of half and full wave rectifiers and study of wave-shapes
on an oscilloscope.
4. Resonance frequency of an accepter circuit.
5. Resonance frequency of a rejector circuit.
6. Characteristics of a transistor.
7. Setting of a single-stage triode tube amplifier and measurement
of its gain.
8. Setting of a single stage transistor amplifier and measurement
of its voltage gain.
9. Setting up of a single stage transistor oscillator and measurement
of its frequency.
10. Ionization potential of mercury.
11. Characteristics of a G. M. counter.
12. Range of alpha particles.
13. Work function of a metal.
14. Planck’s constant using a spectrometer.
15. e/m of electron.
16. Stopping power of alpha particles in air equivalent of mica, silver,
copper and aluminium using an electroscope.
17. Absorption coefficient of beta particles using an end-on GM counter.
18. Study of voltage current characteristics of an electric discharge
in gases at low pressure.
19. Production of vacuum and its measurement with manometer.
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Recommended Text:
1. D. Halliday, R. Resnick and K. Krane, Physics Vol. II,
5th edition, John Wiley, 2002.
2. D. Halliday, R. Resnick and J. Walker, Physics, 6th Ed. John Wiley,
2001
3. S.T. Thornton and A. Rex, Modern Physics for Scientist and Engineers,
2nd Edition Saunders College Publishing (2000)
4. B.L. Theraja , Basic Electronics, 5th edition, Publishers S. Chand
& Company Ltd.
5. Jeff Hecht, Understanding Lasers, Howard W. Sams Co., 1991
6. Tom Duncan, Success in Electronics, John Murray Publishers, London,
1983.
7. K. Krane, “Modern Physics”, 2nd Edition, John Wiley
(1998).
8. P. V. Naik, “Physics”, Prentice Hall, New Dehli, (2004).
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